Smartphones Manufacturing



BY

Ashutosh Patil



Overview :

When a new smartphone is introduced in the market, we wait for months to buy it and then finally getting it gives you a great feeling. We excitingly use all the new features and flaunt our new phone among our friends and family members. But, have we ever thought about how this new and great gadget was really made and how it ended up coming to the mobile market? No. So we will look at process of manufacturing of Smartphones.

Mobile Phone Manufacturing in India :

Last year, India overtook the United States and Now "India has emerged as the 2nd largest manufacturer of mobile handsets in the world in volume terms after “China” ,India is not far from becoming the leading handset market in the world.

5 largest Mobile Manufacturing Plants in India are:



Materials used in manufacturing :

the outer coating is generally made of hardened plastic (either acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polycarbonate). This plastic can withstand temperature fluctuations and is impact resistant. The screens are made of liquid crystal display technology (LCD), which is basically made of thin glass sheets with liquid crystals compressed in between. The battery of the smartphones is usually made of lithium ion, Ni-Cd or Ni-MH. The smartphone batteries generally contain elements such as copper, nickel, lithium, zinc, cobalt, and cadmium.

Manufacturing Steps :

1. Conception :

This is the first step of the life of a smartphone. In this, a team of designers and company members sit together to decide what the future phone will be like. Lot many ideas are thrown regarding the shape, style and look of the phone. After a long time-consuming process, the decision is made regarding the look and design of the phone.

2. Prototype creation :

The next step is to bring the idea into the picture. For this, a prototype is made which is non-functional. This version of the phone does not have any internal kit and is used to measure the aesthetics of the handset rather than its performance. This dummy version is passed on to the relevant people for their opinions and reviews.



Once the concept is green-lit, it moves along. All the suggested amendments and alterations are made to finalize the design of the phone. This version does not even use the materials that will be really used on the phone; it is just to help the company picture the device. Once the design is finalized, work starts on the inside working kit of the handset.

3. Working on internal features :

Now, this final design is passed on to electronic buffs to work their magic on the device. By this time, mobile engineers had already discussed the technology to be used. So, now it is their duty to work on the processor and memory of the handset. Engineers will decide about the matching display screen and the battery potential and appearance. Decisions are also made regarding the front and rear cameras. With all the finalized decisions, the phone is armed with selected components to check for the working performance. This version is finally sent to decision-making team for approvals.

4. Software installation :

Now, the software team starts its work to infuse life in the phone by loading the pre-decided operating system. This is a pretty crucial stage because the hardware has to be well-integrated with the OS. The decision on the operating system is already made while working on the phone features and specifications. Typically, a company will not enter the mass production stage until they are 100% sure that the handset is configured for the software and vice versa. Developers ensure that software fits in the phone perfectly i.e. hardware and software show smooth compatibility. This is a time taking process as a team of experts check whether the smartphone is working as expected. Once this has been determined, the team will revisit the prototype and make necessary adjustments.

5. Testing the device :

With all the hardware and software installed, the phone is tested several times to ensure if it is ready for mass production. Tests include testing simple browsing to all types of drop and water tests to ensure that the phone can stand up to decided physical and software level. Experts also check button placements and antenna performance to make it suitable for users.



This is the last chance for the developers and smartphone manufacturers to make any changes in designs and specifications of the phone.

6. Mass production and assembly line-readiness :

When the final prototype is ready, then it is time for mass production. Once the prototype is ready and there is a game plan for test releases, it’s time to look for industry experts to review the handset and consult with your designers if necessary.

At this time, a company generally announces about the new phone soon to be launched. However, this is good as well as bad. Good, because users get to know about the new product by the company and bad because critics get a chance to find some defects and lower the popularity of the “to be launched” device.





This is obviously a very complex step in the process, sometimes involving hundreds of millions of dollars and multiple corporate partners. Bigger companies will have their own internal multi-step pipelines for this step alone.

7. Packaging the device :



When the handset is ready after assembling, it is packaged for shipment.
Making the smartphone ready for delivery is the next phase in the pipeline. Packaging includes putting phone, accessories as well as a user manual into the box. These days, companies like Apple, Amazon, and other tech giants have perfected the art of packaging to the point where it’s hard to even imagine a badly packaged smartphone device.

8. Shipping :

Ultimately, the final stage of the smartphone pipeline is delivery. This is just as important as the other stages because it requires coordinating with distribution channels, stocking companies, and retailers. The end consumer in this pipeline will not be happy with a sloppily delivered product or one that has to be returned because of shoddy packaging.


These days, it’s also important that you try to make your packaging and shipping processes as sustainable and carbon-free as possible. Use green materials and work with third-party delivery providers that have invested in green energy.

So, this was the Manufacturing Process of SmartPhone .



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